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Lymphoma, which is a malignant disease in the blood system, is divided into Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The former generally occurs in young people aged between 15 and 40, while the latter in middle-aged and elderly people. The incidence rate in males is twice that in females.

Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the lymphatic tissue that not only invades lymph nodes, but also spreads throughout the body, including the stomach, skin, nasopharyngeal cavity, thyroid gland and other parts. The cause of lymphoma is still unknown, but it may be related to viral infection and suppression of the immune system. Because the cause of lymphoma is unknown, the best way to prevent lymphoma is to stay away from carcinogens, such as excessive exposure to radiation, and receive regular health check-ups, and seek prompt medical treatment if suspicious symptoms are found.

Common symptoms

Painless enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck or elsewhere, severe itching, fever, night sweats, weight loss, jaundice, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, poor appetite are common symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnostic methods include lymph node biopsy, whole-body computed tomography, nuclear medical scanning, blood examination, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological immunotherapy are the main treatments, and early treatment can improve long-term survival. The possible side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy include anemia, reduced resistance, bleeding, hair loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, diarrhea, etc.

Precautions

• Keep the oral mucosa clean.
• Maintain adequate nutrition.
• Avoid injuries and infections to patients, and pay attention to their safety.
• Give them psychological support to accept physical and mental changes.