Bath safety precautions

• First, spread the cloth and clothes, and put a large towel beside for use.
• Put in cold water and then hot water, test the water temperature with the inside of the elbow and wrist, with the principle of not scalding the hand, at about 40℃.
• Do not bathe the baby one hour after feeding. If it is cold, choose a warmer time of the day.
• Wash the baby’s neck, armpits, groin, and genitals clean.
• Do umbilical cord care for your baby after bath.

Milk feeding precautions

• Priority should be given to fresh breast milk. If you want to use cold or frozen breast milk, warm up the milk in the baby bottle in a pot of hot water (at no more than 60℃). Never thaw it in the microwave or on the gas stove. Shake slightly before feeding to make fat mix evenly.
• Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for the growth of a baby, but "baby formula" can be used instead when breast-feeding is not possible under special circumstances.
• Formula milk should be prepared according to the methods and the correct ratio indicated on the can, and do not adjust the amount of water or milk powder at will.
• Mix the formula with boiled water at above 70℃ and cool it to a temperature similar to the body temperature (38 ℃), before feeding it to the baby to prevent scalding.
• You can wash the baby bottle under the tap, or soak it in cold water or ice water to quickly lower the temperature of the milk.
• It should be used up within 2 hours after mixing, and milk placed at room temperature for more than 2 hours should be discarded. It can be used within 24 hours if placed in the freezer compartment below 5℃.
• Provide milk according to the baby's needs.
• Give the baby some rest and burp it according to its condition. A bottle of milk doesn’t have to be all given at one go.
• Feed the baby by holding it and positioning it in a semi-sitting position of about 45 degrees.
• Pay attention to the baby's condition at any time during feeding. In case of cyanosis, rapid breathing, etc., stop feeding until the baby returns to normal.
• After feeding, pat the baby’s back to bring up air from the stomach. Let the baby lie on its side, raise the head of the bed, and observe whether there is any spill.

Choking treatment

• Stop feeding and turn its head to one side to allow the milk to flow out. Wipe with a clean hand towel or use suction balls to remove the milk from its mouth and nose.
• Generally, if the baby chokes on milk, just remove the milk from its mouth, stop feeding and pat its back until it breathes steadily and its cheeks turn ruddy, or you may take a break before proceeding.
• In case the baby stops breathing after coughing, you can pinch or flick the soles of its feet to stimulate its breathing with pain.
• Generally speaking, after going through the above steps, the baby can largely recover. If it can't breathe, can't cry, has cyanosis, and has no response to the stimulation, there may be foreign bodies blocking the respiratory tract. Please refer to the first-aid treatment of infarction to remove foreign bodies from the respiratory tract.

Milk change

• If there is no special condition, the milk can be changed directly without needing proportional allocation.

Infection prevention

• Wash your hands before touching the baby.
• Bathe your baby and change its clothes every day.
• Indoor air should be circulated and second-hand smoke should be prohibited.
• Avoid going to public places.
• Someone in the family with a cold needs to be isolated and the main caregiver needs to wear a mask.

Temperature measurement and fever treatment

Temperature can be measured by an ear thermometer. Normal temperature: 36.5℃-37.5℃.

• If the body temperature is higher than 37.5 ℃, first reduce the clothes and covers, adjust the indoor temperature, and measure again 30 minutes to 1 hour later.
• If the temperature is still higher than 37.5 ℃ continuously, do not take medicine randomly, and go to the hospital for medical treatment.

Complexion observation

• Pale: The face is whiter than the general baby, often caused by anemia.
• Cyanosis: the skin color around the lips is darker when crying, which is caused by insufficient blood oxygen concentration.
• Jaundice: the skin of the whole body turns yellow. After light therapy, the skin color of the jaundiced baby gradually returns to normal. If the skin color is still yellow for several days, you should pay attention to other diseases (such as hepatic and gall diseases or favism).
• Before the screening results of neonatal favism come out, the baby should be prevented from contacting with gentian violet, mothballs, bleach and other articles. In case of accidental contact, resulting in hemolysis (pale skin, the white of the eye and skin turning yellow, tea-colored urine), seek medical attention immediately.

Stool observation

• Color abnormality: black, red, white, gray, and light yellow. Please refer to the stool picture cards in the baby manual.
• Character abnormality: watery, hard texture.
• Abnormal taste: sour and smelly.

Protection of the oral and anal mucosae

• The baby does not need to brush its teeth. The family can clean its mouth with clean gauze moistened with boiled water, so as to remove the milk scale.
• Since the baby's skin is delicate, Vaseline can be applied to the anus after every diaper change to avoid red buttocks caused by the stimulation of stool.
• If the baby's anus has small rashes or serious redness and skin breakage, please stop using Vaseline immediately. Take it to the hospital for evaluation by a doctor, who will then prescribe a special ointment for red buttocks. After changing diapers and cleaning, apply the ointment.

Outpatient follow-up

• When the baby is discharged from the hospital, the doctor will arrange the first follow-up visit. The family members should take it back at the scheduled time. The doctor will assess the care situation after the baby returns home and arrange follow-up vaccination, so that the medical staff can protect the baby's health together with the family.