Goal

Appropriate amount of protein is restricted to maintain optimal nutritional status of renal patients in order to delay the cases of renal failure.

Subjects for such a dietary guidance

1. Acute renal failure
2. Chronic renal failure
3. Renal insufficiency

Restrictions on the principle of protein diet

1. When patients suffering from early renal insufficiency, it is crucial to restrict protein in the diet to reduce uremia and further delay the deterioration of renal function. Patients must intake at least 1/2 to 2/3 more superior proteins like eggs, fish, meat and soybean products.
2. To main ideal body weight, the control of protein must be compatible with adequate calorie intake.

• IBW=BH(m²) ×22
• ​<18.5 Underweight
• 18.5≦BMI<24 Normal
• 24≦BMI<27 Overweight
• BMI≧27 Obesity

3. Daily calorie intake can be provided through the following information even under protein restriction:

• Use of nitrogen starch like cornstarch, lotus root starch, to make delicious and low protein snacks.
• Refined sugar (such as sugar, fructose, rock sugar, honey, and etc.). Diabetic patients need to use it carefully.
• Grease type (such as: olive oil, salad oil, and etc.).

Note: Please refer to low-protein snacks.

4. Avoid take in high protein content with low-quality vegetable protein such as:

• Beans: red beans, mung bean, soybean, broad bean, pea-jen, black beans, bean flowers.
• Gluten products: gluten, intestinal surface, baked bran.
• Nuts: Peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, cashews, almonds.

5. Avoid salty food like pickled products, canned foods, and processed foods.
6. To improve appetite and add flavor, make use of culinary skills and seasoning like pepper, star anise, lemon juice, parsley, green onions, ginger, and garlic. It is better to steam, boil, halogen, and grill food.
7. Do not use low sodium salt, because it replace sodium with potassium.
8. Fluid: If there is edema, patients should pay attention to fluid intake which can only amount to 500 to 750 c.c. plus yesterday’s urine amount.
9. Fluid control techniques:
   • Use fixed containers for water required for a day.
   • Ice-cube lemon juice to stop thirsty feeling.
   • Chewing gum.
   • Watch out for the hidden water in fruit and food like watermelon and jelly.
10. Consumption of star fruit should be avoided.
11. Do not misuse or abuse Chinese herbal remedy for it might add burden on your kidney.
12. If potassium or phosphorus ions level is too high in the blood, please refer to the dietary principle of restricted phosphorus and potassium.
13. For the condition of high blood lipid, please refer to the principle of hyperlipidemia diet.